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MP Board Class 12th English The Spectrum Workbook Solutions Chapter 18 India through a Traveller’s Eyes
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Word Power
A. Find out the difference in the meanings of the following pairs of words, and use them in sentences of your own :
I. accept—He accepted our proposal.
except—Except Ram everyone accepted the proposal.
II. advise—I advised him not to do it.
advice—He did not heed to my advice.
III. affect—The medicine affected adversely,
effect—This medicine has no after effects.
IV. aisle—The aisle of the Church was full of people,
isle—There was a temple on the isle.
V. beside—He sat beside me.
besides—I don’t like that new dictionary besides it is too expensive.
VI. breath—He held his breath
breathe—He breathed his last.
Tick [✓] S for same, O for opposite, and D for different meanings of the following words.
Ans.
| I. | sweet-sour | S | ✓O | D |
| II | crazy-insane | ✓S | 0 | D |
| III. | stout-fat | S | 0 | ✓D |
| IV. | big-angry | S | 0 | ✓D |
| V. | danger-peril | ✓S | 0 | D |
| VI. | splendid-magnificent | ✓S | 0 | D |
| VII. | furious-violent | ✓S | 0 | D |
| VIII. | strange-familiar | s | ✓O | D |
| IX. | growl-weep | s | ✓O | D |
| X. | idle-working | s | ✓o | D |
Comprehension
A. Choose the correct alternative.
Question 1.
What conclusion regarding the skin colour of Caucasiaiban be drawn from the lesson.
(a) They have fair skin
(b) They have creamy skin
(c) The colour of their skin is dark
(d) Their skin has a variety of hues.
Answer:
(d) Their skin has a variety of hues.
Question 2.
Pearl Buck wrote the travelogue :
(a) when India was under the British Raj
(b) when India had just won freedom
(c) when India hosted the non-aligned movement
(d) when India tested its first nuclear device.
Answer:
(b) when India had just won freedom
Question 3.
Pearl Buck had visited India.
(a) when India was under the British Raj
(b) when India had just won freedom
(c) when India hosted the non-aligned movement
(d) when India tested its first nuclear device.
Answer:
(a) when India was under the British Raj
Question 4.
Pearl Buck found the real indictment against British colonialism :
(a) in the villages of India
(b) among thousands of young intellectuals
(c) among the cultured and well educated Indians
(d) in the religions minded Indians.
Answer:
(a) in the villages of India
Question 5.
To the author, the serving of food on banana leaves :
(a) signified in hospitality
(b) symbolized untouchability and caste system
(c) implied cleanliness
(d) indicated devotion.
Answer:
(c) implied cleanliness
B. Fill in the blanks :
1. The author’s friend married a Kashimiri with ……. eyes, (green/blue)
2. The first woman president of the …….. was an Indian. (UN General Assembly/UN Security Council)
3. Only the …… peasant could compare with the Indian village. (Chinese/Russian)
4. The eldest brother lived in a ………. outside the house. (cave/cage)
5. ……….. is ever-present in Indian life. (Religion/Idealism)
Answer:
- green
- U. N. General Assembly
- Russian
- Cage
- Religion.
Language Practice
A. Correct the following sentences and write them.
Question 1.
I think you should worked harder.
Answer:
I think you should work hard.
Question 2.
Do you can speak English ?
Answer:
Can you speak English ?
Question 3.
Ruby thinks it mays rain later.
Answer:
Ruby thinks it may rain later.
Question 4.
Sami musts go to the dentist soon.
Answer:
Sami must go to the dentist soon.
Question 5.
They maying go to Mandsaur in December.
Answer:
They may go to Mandsaur in December.
Question 6.
Could you lent me your dictionary?
Answer:
Could you lend me your dictionary ?
B. Complete the following dialogue using correct “modal verbs.”
Answer:
- Shahbaz : If I won the ten million dollar lottery jackpot, I will afford to quit my job and travel the world.
- Samarth : Where can you go if you had that much money?
- Shahbaz : I don’t know, I may choose to spend a year in London or perhaps I may go to America.
- Samarth : How often do you buy lottery tickets ?
- Shahbaz : Never, I guess if I want to win the lottery, I will try buying some tickets.
- Samarth : That won’t help.
C. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘can’, or ‘could’.
Question 1.
Sami is able to drive a car.
Answer:
Sami can drive a car.
Question 2.
I was able to attend the meeting yesterday as I took the evening train to Bhopal.
Answer:
I could attend the meeting yesterday as I took the evening train to Bhopal.
Question 3.
He is able to walk 15 kilometers every day.
Answer:
He can walk 15 kilometers every day.
Question 4.
My brother was not able to swim.
Answer:
My brother could not swim.
Question 5.
We were not able to operate this machine when we were young.
Answer:
We could not operate this machine when we were young.
D. Rewrite the following sentences as a request or as a suggestion with the help of the modal verb given in the brackets.
Question 1.
You may show me that photograph. (a request, with ‘would’)
Answer:
Would you show me that photograph ?
Question 2.
I want the salt, please. (a request with ‘could’)
Answer:
Could give me the salt ?
Language Practice
A. Correct the following sentences and write them.
Question 1.
I think you should worked harder.
Answer:
I think you should work hard.
Question 2.
Do you can speak English ?
Answer:
Can you speak English ?
Question 3.
Ruby thinks it mays rain later.
Answer:
Ruby thinks it may rain later.
Question 4.
Sami musts go to the dentist soon.
Answer:
Sami must go to the dentist soon.
Question 5.
They maying go to Mandsaur in December.
Answer:
They may go to Mandsaur in December.
Question 6.
Could you lent me your dictionary?
Answer:
Could you lend me your dictionary ?
B. Complete the following dialogue using correct “modal verbs.”
Answer:
- Shahbaz : If I won the ten million dollar lottery jackpot, I will afford to quit my job and travel the world.
- Samarth : Where can you go if you had that much money?
- Shahbaz : I don’t know, I may choose to spend a year in London or perhaps I may go to America.
- Samarth : How often do you buy lottery tickets ?
- Shahbaz : Never, I guess if I want to win the lottery, I will try buying some tickets.
- Samarth : That won’t help.
C. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘can’, or ‘could’.
Question 1.
Sami is able to drive a car.
Answer:
Sami can drive a car.
Question 2.
I was able to attend the meeting yesterday as I took the evening train to Bhopal.
Answer:
I could attend the meeting yesterday as I took the evening train to Bhopal.
Question 3.
He is able to walk 15 kilometers every day.
Answer:
He can walk 15 kilometers every day.
Question 4.
My brother was not able to swim.
Ans.
My brother could not swim.
Question 5.
We were not able to operate this machine when we were young.
Answer:
We could not operate this machine when we were young.
D. Rewrite the following sentences as a request or as a suggestion with the help of the modal verb given in the brackets.
Question 1.
You may show me that photograph. (a request, with ‘would’)
Answer:
Would you show me that photograph ?
Question 2.
I want the salt, please. (a request with ‘could’)
Answer:
Could give me the salt ?
Question 3.
You walk down to the market. (a suggestion with ‘could’)
Answer:
You could you walk down to the market.
Question 4.
You lend me your pen please. (a request wit&’could’)
Answer:
Could you lend me your pen ?
Question 5.
We may have coffee now. (a suggestion with ‘shall’)
Answer:
Shall we have coffee now ?
Question 6.
You may switch on the light please. (a request with ‘will’)
Answer:
Will you please switch on the light ?
Rewrite the following sentences using may/might/could 4- have + past participle
Question 1.
Perhaps she watched T. V. yesterday.
Answer:
She might have watched T. V. yesterday.
Question 2.
It is possible they reached the station late.
Answer:
They may have reached the station late.
Question 3.
Perhaps they had an accident.
Answer:
They might have had an accident.
Question 4.
It is possible he missed the bus.
Answer:
He may have missed the bus.
Complete the sentence using might not have + participle or could not have + past participle.
Question 1.
A : Don’t you think she saw you ?
B : No she was too far away. She might not have seen me.
Question 2.
A : I wonder why she did not say hello. Perhaps she did not see me.
B : That’s possible. She could not have seen me.
Question 3.
A : I wonder why Nasim did not come to the party. Perhaps she wasn’t invited.
B : Yes it is possible. She might not have been invited.
Question 4.
A : I wonder how the fire started. Do you think it was an accident?
B : No the police say it might not have been an accident.
Question 5.
A : How did the fire started. I suppose it was an accident.
B : Well, the police aren’t sure. They say it could not have been an accident.
Speaking Time
Each of the following sentences will be read twice. Listen carefully and mark them with the correct stress and intonation.
Answer:
- It’s ‘time the ‘children ‘went to ‘bed.
- Can you ‘buy me a ‘second ‘copy ?
- I ‘think it’s quite ‘fair, on the ‘whole.
- Will you be ‘staying there ‘long ? ,
- if it’s ‘all the ‘same to you I’d rather ‘walk.
Reading Time
Read the following passage carefully :
Chitrakoot, ‘the hill of many wonders,’ nestles peacefully in the northern spurs of the Vindhyas, a place of tranquil forest glades and quiet rivers and streams where calm and repose are all pervading. This loveliest of nature’s gifts is also hallowed ground, blessed by the gods and sanctified by the faith of pilgrims.
For Chitrakoot’s spiritual legacy stretches back to legendary ages : it was in these deep forests that Rama and Sita spent eleven of their fourteen years of exile; here the great sage Atri and Sati Anusuya meditated; and here where the principal trinity of the Hindu pantheon, Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh, took their incarnations.
Sufferers and seekers, poets and visionaries, princes and noblemen have, through the ages, sought and found solace in Chitrakoot, drawn inspiration from its sublime natural beauty, gained spiritual strength from its serene temple and in turn, become part of the hallowed legend that is Chitrakoot.
Places to see
- Ramghat : With the very first rays of dawn that gleam upon the river, Ramghat stirs into life as the devout of all ages take the ritual, purifying dip in the waters and invoke the blessings of the gods.
- Kamadgiri : Kamadgiri the original Chitrakoot, is venerated today as the holy embodiment of Rama.
- Janki Kund : It is said that Sita would bathe in this kund during the years of her exile with Rama.
- Sati Anusuya : It was here that Atri Muni, his wife Anusuya, and their three sons are said to have meditated.
Some other places like Sphatic Shila, Gupt-Godavari, Hanuman Dhara, Bharat koop, etc., have not only their religious significance but they are the places of natural beauty as well.
How to Reach
- By Air : The nearest airport is at Khajuraho (175 km), connected with Delhi, Agra and Varanasi.
- By Rail: The nearest railhead is at Chitrakoot Dham (11 km) on the Jhansi-Manikpur main line.
- By Road : Regular bus services connect Chitrakoot with Jhansi, Mahoba, Chitrakoot Dham, Harpalpur, Satna and Chhatarpur.
Best Season : Best season to visit Chitrakoot is considered October to March.
Now answer the questions given below :
Question 1.
Find out the words from the passage for the following expressions :
Answer:
- quiet and peaceful — tranquil
- holy — sanctified
- away from home — exile
- a group of three — glades
- all the gods — trinity
Question 2.
Where is Chitrakoot situated ? (2015) How can we reach Chitrakoot ? Mention all the three ways. (2011,15)
Answer:
Chitrakoot is situated in the northern spurs of the VindyasfVe can reach Chitrakoot in the following three ways :
- By Air : The nearest airport is at Khajuraho (175 km), connected with Delhi, Agra and Varanasi.
- By Rail: The nearest railhead is at Chitrakoot Dham (11 km) on the Jhansi-Manikpur main line.
- By Road : Regular bus services connect Chitrakoot with Jhansi, Mahoba, Chitrakoot Dham, Harpalpur, Satna and Chhatarpur.
Question 3.
Why does the author describe Chitrakoot as ‘the loveliest of Nature’s gift’ ?
Answer:
It is described as the loveliest of Nature’s gift because, one can enjoy here both the beauty of nature and holiness of the place.
Question 4.
Who are considered as Trinity of the Hindu pantheon ?
Answer:
Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh are considered as Trinity of the Hindu pantheon.
Question 5.
How do people get inspired from Chitrakoot ?
Answer:
They get inspired from Chitrakoot’s sublime natural beauty.
Question 6.
What do you understand by ‘Purifying dip’ in water ?
Answer:
After taking bath in the river people consider that their life has become pure. All their sins have been washed away. This means ‘purifying dip’ in water.
Question 7.
How far is Chitrakoot from Chitrakoot Dham ?
Answer:
It is 11 km far from Chitrakoot Dham.
Question 8.
Mention the best time to visit Chitrakoot. (2011)
Answer:
The best time to visit Chitrakoot is from October to March.
Question 9.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Ans.
Chitrakoot: The Hill of Many Wonders.
Writing Time
Write an essay in 300 words on any one of the following topics :
1. Pollution problem
2. Importance of Games and Sports
3. Corruption in every day life.
Answer:
1. Pollution Problem
The thin cover of air and water that surrounds earth protects and keeps life. It is known as biosphere. It contains oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water-vapour etc. The green plants produce oxygen and supply us fresh air. Pure water is also supplied by nature that we require most.
Man has made a great progress with the help of science for supplying him several necessary things. He thinks that the sort of progress he is making is an unmixed blessing. He has seldom thought that the air, the water or the food could end. He has little thought that the progress of science and technology is seriously disturbing the life-system balance. It would lead to the breakdown of the life supporting system on the earth.
Nature has been suffering for the past several hundred years. Now, the problem has become serious. The great technological break-through arc doing a great damage to the environment. The highly developed countries were the first to experience the environmental diseases. The increased industrial activity has brought along air, water and noise pollution. These pollution’s are making living difficult and resulting into poor health and several diseases. These are also having negative influence on the working capacity of men in general.
One of the chief air pollutants is smoke from our factories and is harmful for our lungs. The ever rising number of vehicles spreading foul smoke is also polluting the air. Human waste, animal bathing, industry waste etc., are polluting water. Even major rivers have become very much polluted. Loud horns, loud-speakers, musical systems etc., are creating noise pollution. It is disturbing the peace of mind of men. Atomic tests are also polluting the atmosphere.
If we have not checked these pollution, it would become impossible for people to survive. The factories and mills must be erected outside the cities. Vehicles should be tuned to produce less smoke. Dirty things should not be allowed to mix in water. The vehicles should be compelled to produce little sound and there should be complete ban on nuclear tests.
The anti-pollution laws are being made. Our government and people have become aware of the problem. We must fully co-operate in making our environment neat and clean.
2. Importance of Games and Sports
“He who has health has hope, and. he who has hope has everything.” —Arabian Proverb
Games and sports are an important part of education. They help in the development of the physique and mind of the student. A sound body possesses a sound mind. If we are weak and sick we cannot have a fertile brain. Games and sports keep us healthy. They keep us active, make us smart.
Gandhiji said, “Physical training should have as much place in curriculum as mental training” Mere bookish knowledge would not lead to proper development of a personality. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Mere studies would not suffice. Similarly mere sports won’t do. The two should be blended in a suitable proportion so that the students can have the best of them. They should not only develop the mind but also the body. Both are essential for a wholesome personality.
Games and sports do not merely keep us healthy and physically fit, they also inculcate in young people the duty of loyalty. These qualities can be summed up in a word ‘sportsmanship’. The first and the foremost thing that games teach us is to take victory and defeat alike. In every game, there are two parties. One wins and the other loses. The winners need not be over-zealous and the loser ones should not get asperated. Both the parties should greet each other heartily after the game.
Secondly, games and sports teach us discipline. Every player must obey his or her captain. He has to play obeying all the rules of the games. He has also to abide by the decision of the referee or umpire. Thirdly, games broaden our outlook. The players ought not to differentiate between one another on the basis of nationality, caste, creed or colour. The games promote international brotherhood and affection amongst the people of the world. Thus, they promote world peace too. The Reliance Cup 1987 organised jointly by Pakistan and India is an example.
Games are beneficial not only to players; they are equally beneficial to the public at large. When a match is being played, spectators also enjoy it. They become one with the game and in a way take active part in it. Besides enjoying the game, they learn many things from them. Radio and T.V. have increased the number of people taking interest in games. Now-a-days, people in any part of the world can enjoy listening to running commentaries of matches on radio or watching them on the Television.
Games and sports have great value in student’s life. The foundation for a virtuous life is laid in school. If at an early age a student develops the taste for studies and sports in a proper way, he can become an ideal citizen in his later life. The sports arena teaches many things to the students. It gives him discipline. It develops his sportsman spirit, mental outlook, cheerful nature, sense of humour and strong physique—all these are important traits of a successful life. If a student studies seriously and diligently and still takes part in sports and games he would make an ideal personality.
3. Corruption in Everyday Life
Corruption has become a way of life in India. It has entrenched itself deeply in the social, political, economic and religious life of the nation. To be true, right from the Prime Minister down to the ordinary clerk in the office, no one is free from the suspicion of being a corrupt person. Criminalisation of social and political life has only sanctified corruption in every walk of life. Rajiv Gandhi’s government was bundled out because of Before deal. Narsimha Rao has been implicated in a number of cases by the CBI. It seems corruption has percolated from the top to the bottom. In India, a parallel economy of black money operates. It is controlled and regulated by the dons of the underworld.
Simple living and high thinking used to be the high ideals of our leaders during the struggle for independence. But now the priorities have changed. Moreover, the greed for wealth, has corrupted their minds and morals. Top posts and jobs can be bought. The members of the State Legislatures and the Parliament are vulnerable to corrupt practices and bribery. Even the security of the nation is compromised by the self ‘ serving politicians and their agents and power-brokers. The need of the hour is an inspiring leadership equipped with a firm political will to fight out the growing cancer of corruption.
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