Students get through the MP Board Class 9th Social Science Important Questions Unit 12 Constitutional Rights and Duties of Citizen which are most likely to be asked in the exam.
MP Board Class 9th Social Science Important Questions Unit 12 Constitutional Rights and Duties of Citizen
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are the fundamental rights?
Answer:
The rights which are essential for the all round development and dignity of a citizen are incorporated in the constitutions of the country and are protected by the judiciary are called the fundamental rights.
Question 2.
In how many parts is the Indian constitution divided?
Answer:
The Indian constitution is divided into 22 parts.
Question 3.
What is meant by the equality before law?
Answer:
Article 14 of the constitution guarantees to each citizen equality and protection before the law. Nobody is above the law and the law is considered paramount authority and every person whatever be his rank or position, is subject to the jurisdiction of an ordinary court regarding a common offence.
Question 4.
In the constitution what provisions have been made for abolition of untouchability?
Answer:
Article 17 of the constitution has abolished untouchability with a view to bring social equality among its citizens. Civil Right Protection Act of 1955 provides that the practice of untouchability by the state or citizens be a punishable offence.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is the difference between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy? Explain. (2008, 09, 10)
Answer:
The followings are the major differences between fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy:
(1) The constitution stands behind the enforcement of fundamental rights whereas a public opinion is the force behind the directive principles of state policy. If there is a violence of fundamental right of citizens by any law of the government then for its protection the court declares the law as null and void. If there is any law against the directive principles of state policy then the court cannot declare those laws as null and void. But the state cannot violate these principles easily due to the fear of public opinion.
(2) Fundamental rights are prohibitory whereas directive principles of the state policy are not prohibitory. Fundamental rights can stop the government from performing some functions whereas directive principles of state policy direct the government to fulfill their duties.
(3) The aim of fundamental rights is to establish political democracy whereas directive principles of state policy aims at the establishment of economic and social democracy.
(4) Fundamental rights are for citizens whereas directive principles of the state policy is the duty of the government. These are the instructions given to the government for policy-making and practice.
Question 2.
Describe the right to freedom of religion. (2009)
Answer:
The Republic of India has been declared a secular state. It means that the state has no religion of its own or is atheistic and this means that every religion has been given equal respect in the state. Articles 25-28 explain the right to freedom of religions which include:
- All persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice and propagate their religion.
- All religious communities shall have the right to establish and maintain religious institutions.
- Taxes cannot be imposed for the maintenance of any particular religion.
- No person shall be compelled to acquire religious education or worship.
- No religious education shall be imparted in government aided educational institutions.
Question 3.
“Fundamental rights and fundamental duties are two sides of the same coin.” Explain the statement. (2008)
Answer:
Duties and rights are two sides of the same coin. We cannot enjoy rights without fulfilling the duties. If citizens fulfill their fundamental duties than it will be easier for them to enjoy their fundamental rights. If citizens do not follow their duties than there will be irregularities and the environment will be disturbed. Fulfillment of fundamental duties develops a healthy social environment. There is no legal action for violence of fundamental duties in the constitution. There is no provision for punishment if these are disrespected but they are our responsibilities towards our nation.
Fundamental duties are the inspiration for strengthening the country’s culture, heritage, national property, individual and collective progress, defence system of the country etc. and to protect the environment to respect national ideals and to maintain social harmony.
Question 4.
What are the directions for the promotion of international peace in the directive principle of policy? Write.
Answer:
The directive principles of state policy are included in the constitution to establish a welfare state and to provide all the citizens social, economic and political justice. Directive principles of state policy is the dream of the fulfilment of economic and social revolution in India. The directions for the promotion of international peace are as follows:
- To promote international peace and security.
- To maintain just and honourable relations between nations.
- To respect international laws and treaties.
- To make efforts for the settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
Question 5.
What are fundamental duties described in the constitution? (2013)
Or
Which fundamental duties should be exercised by Indians? (2008)
Answer:
According to Indian constitution, the Indian citizen should follow the following fundamental duties:
- To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and instructions, the national flag and the national anthem.
- To respect and follow those noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
- To protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
- To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
- To promote harmony and the spirit of brotherhood amongst all the people of India.
Question 6.
Explain the right to equality.
Answer:
The right to equality is a veiy important right. The following rights to equality are provided to us:
- All people are equal before the law. Nobody is above the law.
- No discrimination shall be made by the state between citizens on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth.
- No discrimination shall be made on the basis of untouchability.
- No one can be barred from using shops, public places, hotels and all places of public entertainment on the above grounds.
- Constitution provides equal opportunities for all citizens in matters of public employment.
- All titles have been abolished except the special honours relating to military, education and science and non-military citations conferred by the President of India.
Question 7.
What are the freedoms enjoyed by the citizens under the right of freedom? (2009, 12, 13, 17)
Or
Explain the rights to freedom. (2015)
Answer:
Articles 19 to 22 of the constitution guarantee the right to freedom to citizens. This article provides them the right to freedom of expression, belief, religion and worship. This help them in developing their personality. We enjoy the following freedoms:
- Freedom to speech and expression.
- Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.
- Freedom to form associations and unions.
- Freedom of movement.
- Freedom to live and settle in any part of India.
- Freedom to take up any job or trade anywhere in India.
Question 8.
“Practice of untouchability in any form is a punishable offence under the Indian constitution.” Explain. (2008)
Or
What provision has been made for the abolition of untouchability in Indian constitution. (2011)
Answer:
Article 17 of the constitution has abolished untouchability with a view to bring social equality among its citizens. Civil Rights Protection Act of 1955 provides that the practice of untouchability by the state or citizens be a punishable offence. Therefore no person shall be prohibited from entering public institution places and religious areas etc. No person can be humiliated on account of their caste or any other basis.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Describe the importance of fundamental rights.
Or
What are the fundamental rights? Explain their importance.
Answer:
Fundamental rights: The rights which are essential for the all round development and dignity of a citizen are incorporated in the constitutions of the country and are protected by the judiciary are called the fundamental rights.
Importance of Fundamental Rights:
(1) Helpful in the development of an individual: Fundamental rights provide those conditions which are helpful in mental, physical, moral, social, religions etc. development of an individual. Fundamental rights also provide freedom and security to an individual in these areas. In this way fundamental rights are helpful in the development of personality of citizens.
(2) Basis of successful democracy: Our country, adopts the democratic system of governance. ‘Freedom’ and ‘Equality’ are the main bases of democracy. Without these, we cannot expect democracy. Every citizen has a right to criticise the government. All people have equal right to vote, to contest and win elections. In this way fundamental rights provide favourable environment for successful democracy.
(3) Supremacy of the judiciary: Fundamental rights are protected by the Supreme Court of India. Therefore legislature and executive cannot interfere in the matters of the fundamental rights.
(4) In accordance with social and economical conditions of country: Fundamental rights are in accordance with the social and economical conditions of the country, therefore right to choose any job and educational rights etc. are included in the fundamental right.
(5) Recognised by Indian society: Fundamental rights are associated with the basic needs and dignity of the people. The society recognise them because they are essential for all.
Question 2.
Describe the fundamental duties described in the Indian constitution. (2008, 13, 15)
Answer:
When the Indian constitution was framed only fundamental rights were incorporated in it, there was no discussion on duties in it, whereas rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. Through the incorporation of fundamental rights only, citizens became aware of their rights but remained indifferent about their duties. For correcting this drawback 10 fundamental duties were enumerated for the citizens by adding part IV A to the constitution in the year 1976 by the 42nd constitutional amendment by the parliament, which are given below:
- To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and institution, the national flag and national anthem.
- To respect and follow those noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
- To protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
- To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
- To promote harmony and the spirit of brotherhood amongst all the people of India.
- To maintain the tradition of rich heritage of our composite culture.
- To protect and improve the natural environment.
- To develop a scientific temper and curiosity.
- To safeguard public property.
- To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
Question 3.
What do you mean by right to constitutional remedies? (2010)
Or
What are the main writs issued by the court under right to constitutional remedies?
Answer:
The arrangements for the security of the fundamental rights have been made in the articles of the constitution from 32 to 35. The court for this purpose can issue five types of writs:
- Habeas Corpus: The court can issue an order to be detaining authority to present the detained person before the court.
- Mandamus: The court issue orders to an officer or institution to perform an act which falls within its jurisdiction.
- Prohibition: It is a writ issued by High Courts to lower courts when they exceed the limits of their power of jurisdiction.
- Certiorari: The writ of Certiorari is exercised by the High Court. The high court can summon the record file or a case from the lower court in order to verify the records.
- Quo Warranto: When a person, officer or an institution does such a work which is legally not in his jurisdiction then this writ of Quo Warranto is issued by the high court to the lower courts. These writs are issued for the violation of fundamental rights, against those persons or institution who have violated them.
Question 4.
Mention and explain the types of directive principles of state policy. (2008, 16)
Or
What are the directive principles in accordance with the ideals of Gandhiji? (2009)
[Hint: See title “Directive principles in accordance with the ideals of Gandhiji”.]
Or
Describe the directive principles of state policy by explaining their aims. (2009)
Answer:
The directive principles of state policy are enumerated in the articles 36 to 51 of part IV in the constitution. They aim at:
- A welfare state,
- Developing India in accordance with the ideals of Gandhiji and
- Promoting international peace and security by the state.
I. The welfare system:
- To make available equal means of livelihood for both men and women.
- Utilisation of resources of the country for the welfare of the people.
- Wealth and means of production should not be concentrated in the hands of a few but their utilisation should be for public welfare.
- There should be equal pay for equal work for both men and women. Their health and their childrens’ health and energy should not be misused.
- The youth and children should be protected from economic and moral degeneration.
- There should be employment and education for all and the states should help in case of unemployment and inability.
- The state should provide just and human working conditions.
- All should be provided and dignified standard of living in enough live and social and cultural facilities, the standard of food and health should be good.
- Compulsory and free education should be made available for children. The 86th Amendment of the Constitution 2002, provides equal opportunities of education to children between 6 to 14 years of age.
II. Directive principles in accordance with the ideals of Gandhiji:
- To promote cottage industries.
- Organisation of village panchayats and to make them function as self governing unit.
- Promotion of educational and economic interests of scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and other backward sections and to save them from exploitation.
- Prohibition of consumption of intoxicating goods,(Except medicines).
- To organise agriculture and animal husbandry on a modern and scientific basis.
- To protect and improve the breeds of milk and draught cattle.
- Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
- Protection of important national and historical monuments.
- Separation of judiciary from the executive in public service.
- To frame civil and criminal laws for the country.
III. Promotion of international peace:
- To promote international peace and security.
- To maintain just and honourable relations between nations.
- To respect international laws and treaties.
- To make efforts for the settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
Question 5.
How many fundamental rights are mentioned in the constitution? Describe the ‘Right to equality’. (2009)
Answer:
We are provided six fundamental rights by our constitution:
- Right to equality
- Right to freedom
- Right against exploitation
- Right to freedom of religion
- Cultural and educational rights
- Right to constitutional remedies.
Right to equality: The right to equality is a very important right.
The following rights to equality are provided to us:
- All people are equal before the law. Nobody is above the law.
- No discrimination shall be made by the state between citizens on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth.
- No discrimination shall be made on the basis of untouchability.
- No one can be barred from using shops, public places, hotels and all places of public entertainment on the above grounds.
- Constitution provides equal opportunities for all citizens in matters of public employment.
- All titles have been abolished except the special honours relating to military, education and science and non military citations conferred by the President of India.
Question 6.
What are fundamental rights? How many fundamental rights have been given to us by the Constitution of India? (2011, 12)
Answer:
The rights which are essential for the all round development and dignity of a citizen are incorporated in the constitution of the country, and are protected by the judiciary and called the fundamental rights. The following six fundamental rights have been included in the Indian constitutions:
We are provided six fundamental rights by our constitution:
- Right to equality
- Right to freedom
- Right against exploitation
- Right to freedom of religion
- Cultural and educational rights
- Right to constitutional remedies.
Right to equality: The right to equality is a very important right.
The following rights to equality are provided to us:
- All people are equal before the law. Nobody is above the law.
- No discrimination shall be made by the state between citizens on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth.
- No discrimination shall be made on the basis of untouchability.
- No one can be barred from using shops, public places, hotels and all places of public entertainment on the above grounds.
- Constitution provides equal opportunities for all citizens in matters of public employment.
- All titles have been abolished except the special honours relating to military, education and science and non military citations conferred by the President of India.
Question 7.
What do you understand by the Right to Information? Clarify the special features related to the Right to Information Act. (2014)
Answer:
Right to Information: The Right to Information Act was passed in Indian Parliament in May 2005. According to this Act, the people of country have been given the right to obtain information from any government office. Efforts have been made from last many years to increase the participation of people in development programmes.
The establishment of Panchayati Raj and participation of local communities in the supervision of public service in an important step of this. Without the knowledge of public services, facilities and plans, rules and regulations, people are not able to participate in the development programmes properly, but now because of the right to information, transparency may be brought in the developmental plans and public works. This is an important step towards the end of corruption and possibility of partiality and favouritism in the process of decision making in government working.
Features related to Right to Information Act: Important features of this Act are the following:
(1) Who have the Right to Information: Right of Information is available to every citizen of the country. Any citizen may obtain information from public system related to it. In addition, all public systems demonstrate the necessary information related to their daily working on their notice-board for the people.
(2) Meaning of Public Authority: All such authorities or institutions which have been established under the law passed by Parliament or Legislative Assembly, they come under the category of public authority. In addition, such organisation, which are self-government or non-government but which receive aid from government or which are controlled by central or state government are also included in this. Thus, public authority refers to government, bodies consituted under the constitution and departments.
Question 8.
Explain the importance of Right to Information. (2017)
Answer:
Importance of Right to Information: The importance of Right to Information is clear from the following points:
(1) Enabling people to effectively use the fundamental rights: Right to information is also included in fundamental rights. It protects the fundamental right to speech and expression. It is not possible to express opinion in an impressive way to a person in the absence of information. It has also been added with the right to life under section A21 to our constitution by the Supreme Court. Without the right to know, the right to live is incomplete.
(2) Making the government working transparent: An important objective of this act is to bring transparency in government functioning. People must have the information whether their representatives are using their rights in a suitable manner or not, money is being properly used or not. Thus the objective of w el fare of people may be achieved with money of the public. There will be transparency with the right to information and a pressure will be created to use the public funds in an appropriate manner.
(3) Increasing the participation of people in government functioning: Indian constitution is based on the principle of participatory democracy. For this, people elect their representative by the mode of election. Hence this right is an important tool for increasing the participation of people in government functioning.
(4) Check on Corruption: Right to information is an important weapon to stop the increasing corruption. Since this right is based on the principle of transparency and answerability, a corrupt person will be quickly identified and legal action may be taken against him. Thus responsible persons will move away from doing illegal works because of fear and good governance may also be ensured.
(5) Making the government schemes successful: Right to information also plays an important part in making government schemes successful. The success of government schemes mainly depends on two things – First, the schemes are carried out in desired manner and are completed in scheduled time and Second, the benefit of the schemes may reach out to the real beneficiaries. The right to information is a useful weapon for the fulfilment of both these two objectives.
In this way, it is clear that the right to information is a very important right.
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Which of the following is not a fundamental right? (2008)
(i) Right to work and rest
(ii) Right to freedom
(iii) Right to equality
(iv) Right against exploitation
Answer:
(i) Right to work and rest
Question 2.
Right to free and compulsory education of all children between 6 and 14 years of age comes under which fundamental right?
(i) Right to equality
(ii) Cultural and educational right
(iii) Right to freedom
(iv) Right to constitutional remedies
Answer:
(ii) Cultural and educational right
Question 3.
Which fundamental right has been eliminated from the list of fundamental rights through 44th Amendment Act?
(i) Right to property
(ii) Right to freedom
(iii) Right to equality
(iv) Cultural and educational rights
Answer:
(i) Right to property
Question 4.
Which function out of these comes under the category of child labour?
(i) A child of less than 14 years of age working in hotels, construction companies
(ii) Movement and acquiring education by a child below 14 years of age
(iii) Playing of children below 14 years of age
(iv) Doing physical exercise by children below 14 years of age
Answer:
(i) A child of less than 14 years of age working in hotels, construction companies
Question 5.
Which one of these rights is not associated with the fundamental right of freedom?
(i) Freedom of speech
(ii) Abolition of titles
(iii) Freedom to reside or settle
(iv) Freedom of movement
Answer:
(ii) Abolition of titles
Question 6.
Out of the following who protects the fundamental rights? (2009)
(i) Parliament
(ii) Legislative Assemblies
(iii) Supreme Court
(iv) Government of India
Answer:
(iii) Supreme Court
Question 7.
Through which writ can the High Court or Supreme Court summon any record of life from its lower court?
(i) Habeas Corpus
(ii) Certiorari
(iii) Quo Warranto
(iv) Mandamus
Answer:
(ii) Certiorari
Question 8.
Out of these which is the directive principle of state policy?
(i) Bound by law
(ii) Eligible for justice
(iii) Creative direction to the state
(iv) Directives of judiciary
Answer:
(iii) Creative direction to the state
Fill in the Blanks
Question 1.
………… protects the fundamental rights. (2009)
Answer:
Supreme court
Question 2.
In all, the Indian constitution is divided into ………… parts. (2010)
Answer:
22
Question 3.
………… fundamental rights have been included in the Indian constitution. (2011, 13)
Answer:
Six
Question 4.
Fundamental rights are for ………… (2014)
Answer:
citizens
Question 5.
Right to information is available to every………… of the country. (2013)
Answer:
citizen
Question 6.
The Right to Information Act is a strong medium to stop the (2017)
Answer:
corruption.
Match the Columns
| A | B |
| 1. Protection of public property (2009) | (a) Article 16 of constitution |
| 2. Equal opportunity in public appointments | (b) Fundamental duties |
| 3. Right to freedom | (c) Article 22 of constitution |
| 4. Constitution (2017) | (d) Article 10 of constitution |
| 5. Prevention against arrest and detention | (e) Supreme Law of Country |
Answers:
1. (b)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (e)
5. (c)
True/False
Question 1.
Article 19 of the constitution guarantees to each citizen equality and protection before laws. (2014)
Answer:
False
Question 2.
Supreme court protects the fundamental rights. (2015)
Answer:
True
Question 3.
School education up to the age of 20 years should be made free and compulsory. (2012)
Answer:
False
Question 4.
The directive principles of state policy are the creative directions or the state. (2009)
Answer:
True
Question 5.
It is the responsibility of every citizen or the state to follow the fundamental duties. (2009)
Answer:
True
Question 6.
The constitution provided the 8 fundamental rights to its citizens. (2009)
Answer:
False
Question 7.
Cultural and educational rights are fundamental rights. (2016)
Answer:
True
Question 8.
Practice of untouchability in any form is a punishable offence under the Indian constitution. (2016)
Answer:
True
Answer in One Word/Sentence
Question 1.
Who protects the fundamental rights? (2008)
Answer:
The Supreme Court.
Question 2.
The labour below the age of 14 is called? (2012, 15)
Answer:
Child labour.
Question 3.
The changes in the constitution of any country brought about by the parliament of that country. (2010)
Answer:
Constitutional Amendments.
Question 4.
Freedom to express views and give speech. (2012)
Answer:
Right to freedom.
Question 5.
Public service empowered by the state. (2008)
Answer:
Compulsory service.
Question 6.
Supreme law of country which consists of the fundamental laws for running society and politics of any country. (2011)
Answer:
Constitution.