MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 23 Australia-Geographical features
MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 23 Australia-Geographical features
MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 23 Text Book Exercise
Choose the correct option of the following.
Question 1.
(i) The main latitude line passing through the middle of Australia Continent is:
(a) Tropic of Cancer
(b) Equator
(c) Capricorn
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Capricorn
Question 2.
Which is Island Continent?
(a) Antarctica
(b) Australia
(c) Asia
(d) North America
Answer:
(b) Australia
Question 3.
Which is the country of Australia Continent?
(a) Fizi
(b) Cuba
(c) Chile
(d) Bornio
Answer:
(a) Fizi
Question 4.
In which region of Australian Continent, lies the Great Barrier Reef?
(a) South-East region.
(b) North-East region
(c) North-West region
(d) North-West region
Answer:
(b) North-East region
MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 23 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
The area of Eyre Lake which is in the Central lowlands where rivers falls into lakes is known as?
Answer:
The major area around the Eyre Lake is known as inland drainage area. Where the rivers, which can not reach the sea, fall into the inland lakes.
Question 2.
What is called the high but narrow long belt plateaus in Australian Continent?
Answer:
There is parallel expansion of this mountain ranges from the Cape York Peninsula in east coast to the Tasmania island in the south. They form a long belt of the high plateaus which are known as the Great Dividing Range.
Question 3.
What name the sea landform made by coral insects in the east coast of Australia is known?
Answer:
Along the north-east cost of Australia extends very long coral ridge known (racks of coral) as the Great Barrier Reef. This world famous reef is more than 1920 kms. in length. It is made of skeletons of tiny insects called corals.
Question 4.
Which is the emblem animal and famous tree of Australia?
Answer:
The Kangaroo is the national animal of Australia and Eucalyptus is the main tree
MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 23 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Why is the western part of Australia Continent?
Answer:
Western Plateau is in Western part of Australia. It occupies two-thirds of the continent and lies from north to south. Due to lack of rain the most of the plateau is desert or semi-desert. The northern part is Great Sandy Desert and southern part is occupied by Great Victoria Desert.
Question 2.
Mention about the Inland drainage of Australia continent?
Answer:
An extensive low land between the western and eastern highlands extends from the gulf of Carpentaria in north to the southern and shores of Australia. Many rivers flow in the lowland but most of the rivers could not reach the sea and fells into the inland lakes.
The biggest Lake Eyre is situated in this area. So the major area around the Eyre Lake is known as inland drainage area. The Inland drainage area is a system where the river flowing, instead of felling in the sea, falls in some water areas there.
Question 3.
Write the climate of Australia?
Answer:
Australia lies in the southern Hemisphere. Most of Australia is dry. The eastern, north-eastern and the western part of the country come in the way of winds blowing on the sea. This part receives heavy rainfall.
The following types of climates are found in Australia.
- Desert type in the vast interior of the earth.
- Mediterranean type of climate is found in southern coast of Australia.
- Monsoon type of climate in northern part of Australia causes rain in summer.
Question 4.
Write about the prominent animals of Australia continent?
Answer:
Australia is known for Kangaroos and Koala called the mansupials animals. Mansupials have a pouch like fold of skin near the stomach in which they carry their young ones. The other animals are dingo, a wild dog. Platypus is a four legged animal that lays eggs like a bird.
Question 5.
What is Downs? Explain
Answer:
The Middle regions of Australia which receive little rain fall have trees and gray equally. There are two types of grasslands here. In the north there is tropical grass land and in the south of Murray-Darling Basin has temperate grassland which is known is ‘Downs’ also.
Question 6.
Mention about the physical features of New Zealand Island?
Answer:
In the south-east of Australia lies New Zealand. New Zealand is the mountain island. In the north and south islands there stretches a mountain range from north to south. In the southern island this mountain range is called south Alps. The narrow Cook Strait divides the north and south islands of New Zealand.
MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 23 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Discuss the physical divisions of Australia?
Answer:
Australia can be divided into three major physical divisions. They are:
- Western Plateau
- The Central Lowlands and
- The Eastern Highlands
- The Western Plateau
1. The western plateau:
The western plateau of Australia is a vast plateau occupying two thirds of the continent. This part of Australia is a desert or a semi-desert. Desert type of vegetation consisting mainly small shrubs and thorny bushes is found here. In North West the desert area is known as Great Sandy Desert and in its south it is called the Great Victoria Desert.
This part of plateau is rich in minerals especially in gold. Kalgoorlie and Coolgradie gold. Kalgoorlie and Coolgradie goldmines are famous in this area.
2.The Central Lowlands:
There are extensive lowlands between the western plateau and the Eastern Highlands. They extend from the Gulf of Carpentraia in the north, across the continent to the southern shore of Australia.
These are the lowlands so much so that at Lake Eyre, the land is about 12 metres below sea level. The Murray and the Darling are the major rivers of Australia flowing through the Central lowland. Most of the rivers of this area do not reach the sea.
They infect, fall into Are inland lakes. Thus the area around Lake Eyre is a region of inland drainage. The north-eastern part of the plain is occupied by the Great Artesian Basin, Artesian well supply some water to this semi-desert area.
3. The Eastern Highlands:
Along the east coat of Australia are found long belt of elevate plateaus. They extend from Cape York Peninsula in the north to Tasmania in the south. These elevated plateaus are known as the Great Dividing Range. They are broad low in the north whereas in the south they are narrow and high. They also called Great Dividing Range.
4. Coastal plains:
There is oceanic water all around the continent, hence there are narrow coastal plain in the continent. The sea sand and water-borne soil on the mouth of rivers is found here. Along the north east coast of Australia. There is a very long coral ridge known as the Great Barrier Reef.
The Coral reefs have colorful beings and vegetations. New Zealand is the mountain island. The narrow Cook Strait divides the north and south islands of New Zealand.
Question 2.
What is Great Barrier Reef?
Answer:
Great Barrier Reef:
Off the northeast coast of Australia extends a very long edge like feature known as the Great Barrier Reef. It has been formed as a result of the deposition of skeleton of carols. Corals are tiny sea animals when the corals die their hard skeletons remain fixed in places and new coral grow upon them.
The accumulations of these corals are known as coral Reefs. The world famous Great Barriers Reef made of these corals in more than 1900 kilometers, in length and its distance from coast varies from 30 to 240 kilometers.
Question 3.
Write in detail about the vegetations and animals of Australia Continent.
Answer:
The vegetations are found in Australia as per rain distribution. The Coastal areas which receive
heavy rains abound with long trees and forests. The Western and central dry land are full of thorny bushes and grass. Tropical forests are found in the northern and north-eastern coastal regions of Australia which receive heavy rains they are like monsoon forests. But they are evergreen.
The important trees that grow in these forests are Devdar, Date, Bamboo, Baobab and Bottle. The Eucalyptus is the main tree.
The Koala animal mostly lives on these trees and eats the leaves of eucalyptus trees. The middle regions of Australia which receive little rain have trees and grass equally. In the north there is tropical grass land and in the south of Murray-Darling basin has temperate grass-lands which is known as‘Downs’.
Kangaroo is the national animal of Australia. Emu, Kookaburra and Lyre Bird are other different birds, Kiwis and Penguins are famous birds of New Zealand. Dingo, a wild dog and Platypus are other animals of Australia.
Project Work
Show the following on the outline map of Australia continent.
- Tasmania and New Zealand
- Fizi and Papua New Guinea
- Grat Victoria and Great Sandy Desert
- Murray and Darling rivers,
- Great Dividing Range and Great Barrier Reef,
- Grasslands of Downs
- The Cook Strait.
